[디자인패턴] 템플릿 메소드 패턴, template method pattern

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_metho

템플릿 메소드 패턴에서는 매소드에서 알고리즘의 골격을 정의한다. 알고리즘의 여러단계 중 일부는 서브클래서에서 구현할 수 있다. 템플릿 메소드를 이용하면 알고리즘의 구조는 그대로 유지하면서 서브클래서에서 특정 단계를 지정할수도 있다.

헐리우드 원칙

/**
 * An abstract class that is common to several games in
 * which players play against the others, but only one is
 * playing at a given time.
 */
 
abstract class Game {
 
    protected int playersCount;
    abstract void initializeGame();
    abstract void makePlay(int player);
    abstract boolean endOfGame();
    abstract void printWinner();
 
    /* A template method : */
    public final void playOneGame(int playersCount) {
        this.playersCount = playersCount;
        initializeGame();
        int j = 0;
        while (!endOfGame()) {
            makePlay(j);
            j = (j + 1) % playersCount;
        }
        printWinner();
    }
}
 
//Now we can extend this class in order 
//to implement actual games:
 
class Monopoly extends Game {
 
    /* Implementation of necessary concrete methods */
    void initializeGame() {
        // Initialize players
        // Initialize money
    }
    void makePlay(int player) {
        // Process one turn of player
    }
    boolean endOfGame() {
        // Return true if game is over 
        // according to Monopoly rules
    }
    void printWinner() {
        // Display who won
    }
    /* Specific declarations for the Monopoly game. */
 
    // ...
}
 
class Chess extends Game {
 
    /* Implementation of necessary concrete methods */
    void initializeGame() {
        // Initialize players
        // Put the pieces on the board
    }
    void makePlay(int player) {
        // Process a turn for the player
    }
    boolean endOfGame() {
        // Return true if in Checkmate or 
        // Stalemate has been reached
    }
    void printWinner() {
        // Display the winning player
    }
    /* Specific declarations for the chess game. */
 
    // ...
}